Guiding your audience 
Language can be used to guide an audience or reader when presenting ideas, results or an argument.  The tone will differ depending on the assignment and discipline (e.g. first person ‘I think’ is not always appropriate).
Introduce and outline at the start
•	Outline the structure of the assignment or talk;
•	Introduce your work and make its purpose clear;
•	Put key information on your title slide or page;
•	For a talk, introduce yourself (and colleagues) and welcome your audience.
1.	You might say:
I am going to look at / examine / explain / explore / [the concept of] …
This presentation/essay will outline the benefits of …
I will suggest / propose / argue / [that] …
This challenges the current / prevailing belief/theory/practice of …
This work aims to demonstrate that …
2.	You could go on to add:
In particular, I will discuss / consider / focus on …
It is important to consider several / 'n' aspects of …
I will be looking at this from several/ 'n' perspectives …
This presentation will cover the following areas …
3.	You can indicate and signpost your structure using:
This talk/essay will be divided into 'n' sections …
First ___, then ____, after that___ and finally …
I will start by giving a brief description of /reviewing/introducing/asking …
4.	For a presentation, take care of ‘management’ issues:
There will be time at the end for questions.
A copy of this paper will be available …
You will find full references and contact details … (on hand-out / website).
Link and signal as you move from one part to the next
•	Sum up / re-emphasise the main point /message;
•	Show how one section relates to another.
You could say:
Having given you [a brief outline of … ], I will now … 
Having considered ___, we can now look at / turn to …
Having established / seen that ___, it follows that we should …
Refer directly to illustrative material
•	Choose the right point to focus your audience or reader’s attention.
You might say:
As you can see from this chart/table/map, …
As these results show/indicate/suggest, … [see Figure 4] 
If we look at this ___, we can see that …
Conclude, don’t just stop
•	Sum up briefly and clearly;
•	Make sure the logic of your argument is emphasised;
•	Emphasise the main point/message to take away.
You could say:
So, to sum up …
If we recap the main points / argument: ___; ___; and ___; it should
be clear that …
Having [done] __, ___ and __, I would like to finish by …
In conclusion, I would like to emphasise / stress that …
When giving a talk:
•	Invite questions if appropriate;
•	Thank your audience if appropriate.
Ends.
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